There are two main types of neck pain: axial and radicular.
Axial neck pain is constrained to the neck and immediate surrounding structures. Radicular neck pain, on the other hand, involves nerve compression, with pain often radiating down the arm into the hand.
Neck pain can be acute, chronic or subacute. Acute pain typically arises after injury, such as a sports injury, or as a result of muscle strain, for instance from sleeping in an awkward position. It generally lasts up to 4 weeks.
Chronic neck pain presents more gradually, and its underlying cause, such as prolonged poor posture, may not be immediately apparent. Chronic neck pain is pain that has been present for 3-plus months. Subacute pain falls in between.